!= -- Determines if one value is not equal to another.
#define -- Defines a macro.
#include -- Includes an external file for processing.
#undef -- Un-defines a macro.
$NAME -- Calls a defined macro.
% -- Modulus operator.
&& -- Logical AND operator.
> -- Determines if one value is greater than another.
>= -- Determines if one value is greater than or equal to another.
< -- Determines if one value is less than another.
<= -- Determines if one value is less than or equal to another.
* -- Multiplication operator.
+ -- Addition operator
- -- Subtraction operator.
/ -- Division operator.
= -- Performs a simple assignment.
== -- Compares two values for equality.
ˆ -- "Power of" operator.
|| -- Logical OR operator.
0dbfs -- Sets the value of 0 decibels using full scale amplitude.
a -- Converts a k-rate parameter to an a-rate value with interpolation.
abetarand -- Deprecated.
abexprnd -- Deprecated.
abs -- Returns an absolute value.
acauchy -- Deprecated.
active -- Returns the number of active instances of an instrument.
adsr -- Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using linear segments.
adsyn -- Output is an additive set of individually controlled sinusoids, using an oscillator bank.
adsynt -- Performs additive synthesis with an arbitrary number of partials, not necessarily harmonic.
aexprand -- Deprecated.
aftouch -- Get the current after-touch value for this channel.
agauss -- Deprecated.
agogobel -- Deprecated.
alinrand -- Deprecated.
alpass -- Reverberates an input signal with a flat frequency response.
ampdb -- Returns the amplitude equivalent of the decibel value x.
ampdbfs -- Returns the amplitude equivalent of the decibel value x, which is relative to full scale amplitude.
ampmidi -- Get the velocity of the current MIDI event.
apcauchy -- Deprecated.
apoisson -- Deprecated.
apow -- Deprecated.
areson -- A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the reson opcode.
aresonk -- A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the reson opcode.
atone -- A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the tone opcode.
atonek -- A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the tone opcode.
atonex -- Emulates a stack of filters using the atone opcode.
atrirand -- Deprecated.
aunirand -- Deprecated.
aweibull -- Deprecated.
babo -- A physical model reverberator.
balance -- Adjust one audio signal according to the values of another.
bamboo -- Semi-physical model of a bamboo sound.
bbcutm -- Generates breakbeat-style cut-ups of a mono audio stream.
bbcuts -- Generates breakbeat-style cut-ups of a stereo audio stream.
betarand -- Beta distribution random number generator (positive values only).
bexprnd -- Exponential distribution random number generator.
biquad -- A sweepable general purpose biquadratic digital filter.
biquada -- A sweepable general purpose biquadratic digital filter with a-rate parameters.
birnd -- Returns a random number in a bi-polar range.
bqrez -- A second-order multi-mode filter.
butbp -- Same as the butterbp opcode.
butbr -- Same as the butterbr opcode.
buthp -- Same as the butterhp opcode.
butlp -- Same as the butterlp opcode.
butterbp -- A band-pass Butterworth filter.
butterbr -- A band-reject Butterworth filter.
butterhp -- A high-pass Butterworth filter.
butterlp -- A low-pass Butterworth filter.
button -- Sense on-screen controls.
buzz -- Output is a set of harmonically related sine partials.
cabasa -- Semi-physical model of a cabasa sound.
cauchy -- Cauchy distribution random number generator.
cent -- Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of cents.
cggoto -- Conditionally transfer control on every pass.
chanctrl -- Get the current value of a MIDI channel controller.
checkbox -- Sense on-screen controls.
cigoto -- Conditionally transfer control during the i-time pass.
ckgoto -- Conditionally transfer control during the p-time passes.
clear -- Zeroes a list of audio signals.
clfilt -- Implements low-pass and high-pass filters of different styles.
clip -- Clips a signal to a predefined limit.
clock -- Deprecated.
clockoff -- Stops one of a number of internal clocks.
clockon -- Starts one of a number of internal clocks.
cngoto -- Transfers control on every pass when a condition is not true.
comb -- Reverberates an input signal with a "colored" frequency response.
control -- Configurable slider controls for realtime user input.
convle -- Same as the convolve opcode.
convolve -- Convolves a signal and an impulse response.
cos -- Performs a cosine function.
cosh -- Performs a hyperbolic cosine function.
cosinv -- Performs a arccosine function.
cps2pch -- Converts a pitch-class value into cycles-per-second for equal divisions of the octave.
cpsmidi -- Get the note number of the current MIDI event, expressed in cycles-per-second.
cpsmidib -- Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in cycles-per-second.
cpsoct -- Converts an octave-point-decimal value to cycles-per-second.
cpspch -- Converts a pitch-class value to cycles-per-second.
cpstmid -- Get a MIDI note number (allows customized micro-tuning scales).
cpstun -- Returns micro-tuning values at k-rate.
cpstuni -- Returns micro-tuning values at init-rate.
cpsxpch -- Converts a pitch-class value into cycles-per-second (Hz) for equal divisions of any interval.
cpuprc -- Control allocation of cpu resources on a per-instrument basis, to optimize realtime output.
cross2 -- Cross synthesis using FFT's.
crunch -- Semi-physical model of a crunch sound.
ctrl14 -- Allows a floating-point 14-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
ctrl21 -- Allows a floating-point 21-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
ctrl7 -- Allows a floating-point 7-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
ctrlinit -- Sets the initial values for a set of MIDI controllers.
cuserrnd -- Continuous USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator.
dam -- A dynamic compressor/expander.
db -- Returns the amplitude equivalent for a given decibel amount.
dbamp -- Returns the decibel equivalent of the raw amplitude x.
dbfsamp -- Returns the decibel equivalent of the raw amplitude x, relative to full scale amplitude.
dcblock -- A DC blocking filter.
dconv -- A direct convolution opcode.
delay -- Delays an input signal by some time interval.
delay1 -- Delays an input signal by one sample.
delayr -- Reads from an automatically established digital delay line.
delayw -- Writes the audio signal to a digital delay line.
deltap -- Taps a delay line at variable offset times.
deltap3 -- Taps a delay line at variable offset times, uses cubic interpolation.
deltapi -- Taps a delay line at variable offset times, uses interpolation.
deltapn -- Taps a delay line at variable offset times.
deltapx -- Read to or write from a delay line with interpolation.
deltapxw -- Mixes the input signal to a delay line.
diff -- Modify a signal by differentiation.
diskin -- Reads audio data from an external device or stream and can alter its pitch.
dispfft -- Displays the Fourier Transform of an audio or control signal.
display -- Displays the audio or control signals as an amplitude vs. time graph.
distort1 -- Modified hyperbolic tangent distortion.
divz -- Safely divides two numbers.
downsamp -- Modify a signal by down-sampling.
dripwater -- Semi-physical model of a water drop.
dumpk -- Periodically writes an orchestra control-signal value to an external file.
dumpk2 -- Periodically writes two orchestra control-signal values to an external file.
dumpk3 -- Periodically writes three orchestra control-signal values to an external file.
dumpk4 -- Periodically writes four orchestra control-signal values to an external file.
duserrnd -- Discrete USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator.
else -- Executes a block of code when an "if...then" condition is false.
elseif -- Defines another "if...then" condition when a "if...then" condition is false.
endif -- Closes a block of code that begins with an "if...then" statement.
endin -- Ends the current instrument block.
endop -- Marks the end of an user-defined opcode block.
envlpx -- Applies an envelope consisting of 3 segments.
envlpxr -- The envlpx opcode with a final release segment.
event -- Generates a score event from an instrument.
exp -- Returns e raised to the x-th power.
expon -- Trace an exponential curve between specified points.
exprand -- Exponential distribution random number generator (positive values only).
expseg -- Trace a series of exponential segments between specified points.
expsega -- An exponential segment generator operating at a-rate.
expsegr -- Trace a series of exponential segments between specified points including a release segment.
filelen -- Returns the length of a sound file.
filenchnls -- Returns the number of channels in a sound file.
filepeak -- Returns the peak absolute value of a sound file.
filesr -- Returns the sample rate of a sound file.
filter2 -- Performs filtering using a transposed form-II digital filter lattice with no time-varying control.
fin -- Read signals from a file at a-rate.
fini -- Read signals from a file at i-rate.
fink -- Read signals from a file at k-rate.
fiopen -- Opens a file in a specific mode.
flanger -- A user controlled flanger.
flashtxt -- Allows text to be displayed from instruments like sliders
FLbox -- A FLTK widget that displays text inside of a box.
FLbutBank -- A FLTK widget opcode that creates a bank of buttons.
FLbutton -- A FLTK widget opcode that creates a button.
FLcolor -- A FLTK opcode that sets the primary colors.
FLcolor2 -- A FLTK opcode that sets the secondary (selection) color.
FLcount -- A FLTK widget opcode that creates a counter.
FLgetsnap -- Retrieves a previously stored FLTK snapshot.
FLgroup -- A FLTK container opcode that groups child widgets.
FLgroupEnd -- Marks the end of a group of FLTK child widgets.
FLhide -- Hides the target FLTK widget.
FLjoy -- A FLTK opcode that acts like a joystick.
FLkeyb -- Experimental, no documentation exists. May be deprecated in future versions.
FLknob -- A FLTK widget opcode that creates a knob.
FLlabel -- A FLTK opcode that modifies the appearance of a text label.
FLloadsnap -- Loads all snapshots into the memory bank of the current orchestra.
FLpack -- Provides the functionality of compressing and aligning FLTK widgets.
FLpackEnd -- Marks the end of a group of compressed or aligned FLTK widgets.
FLpanel -- Creates a window that contains FLTK widgets.
FLpanelEnd -- Marks the end of a group of FLTK widgets contained inside of a window (panel).
FLprintk -- A FLTK opcode that prints a k-rate value at specified intervals.
FLprintk2 -- A FLTK opcode that prints a new value every time a control-rate variable changes.
FLroller -- A FLTK widget that creates a transversal knob.
FLrun -- Starts the FLTK widget thread.
FLsavesnap -- Saves all snapshots currently created into a file.
FLscroll -- A FLTK opcode that adds scroll bars to an area.
FLscrollEnd -- A FLTK opcode that marks the end of an area with scrollbars.
FLsetAlign -- Sets the text alignment of a label of a FLTK widget.
FLsetBox -- Sets the appearance of a box surrounding a FLTK widget.
FLsetColor -- Sets the primary color of a FLTK widget.
FLsetColor2 -- Sets the secondary (or selection) color of a FLTK widget.
FLsetFont -- Sets the font type of a FLTK widget.
FLsetPosition -- Sets the position of a FLTK widget.
FLsetSize -- Resizes a FLTK widget.
FLsetsnap -- Stores the current status of all FLTK valuators into a snapshot location.
FLsetText -- Sets the label of a FLTK widget.
FLsetTextColor -- Sets the color of the text label of a FLTK widget.
FLsetTextSize -- Sets the size of the text label of a FLTK widget.
FLsetTextType -- Sets some font attributes of the text label of a FLTK widget.
FLsetVal_i -- Sets the value of a FLTK valuator to a number provided by the user.
FLsetVal -- Sets the value of a FLTK valuator at control-rate.
FLshow -- Restores the visibility of a previously hidden FLTK widget.
FLslidBnk -- A FLTK widget containing a bank of horizontal sliders.
FLslider -- Puts a slider into the corresponding FLTK container.
FLtabs -- Creates a tabbed FLTK interface.
FLtabsEnd -- Marks the end of a tabbed FLTK interface.
FLtext -- A FLTK widget opcode that creates a textbox.
FLupdate -- Same as the FLrun opcode.
FLvalue -- Shows the current value of a FLTK valuator.
fmb3 -- Uses FM synthesis to create a Hammond B3 organ sound.
fmbell -- Uses FM synthesis to create a tublar bell sound.
fmmetal -- Uses FM synthesis to create a "Heavy Metal" sound.
fmpercfl -- Uses FM synthesis to create a percussive flute sound.
fmrhode -- Uses FM synthesis to create a Fender Rhodes electric piano sound.
fmvoice -- FM Singing Voice Synthesis
fmwurlie -- Uses FM synthesis to create a Wurlitzer electric piano sound.
fof -- Produces sinusoid bursts useful for formant and granular synthesis.
fof2 -- Produces sinusoid bursts including k-rate incremental indexing with each successive burst.
fog -- Audio output is a succession of grains derived from data in a stored function table
fold -- Adds artificial foldover to an audio signal.
follow -- Envelope follower unit generator.
follow2 -- Another controllable envelope extractor.
foscil -- A basic frequency modulated oscillator.
foscili -- Basic frequency modulated oscillator with linear interpolation.
fout -- Outputs a-rate signals to an arbitrary number of channels.
fouti -- Outputs i-rate signals of an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file.
foutir -- Outputs i-rate signals from an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file.
foutk -- Outputs k-rate signals of an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file.
fprintks -- Similar to printks but prints to a file.
fprints -- Similar to prints but prints to a file.
frac -- Returns the fractional part of a decimal number.
ftchnls -- Returns the number of channels in a stored function table.
ftgen -- Generate a score function table from within the orchestra.
ftlen -- Returns the size of a stored function table.
ftload -- Load a set of previously-allocated tables from a file.
ftloadk -- Load a set of previously-allocated tables from a file.
ftlptim -- Returns the loop segment start-time of a stored function table number.
ftmorf -- Morphs between multiple ftables as specified in a list.
ftsave -- Save a set of previously-allocated tables to a file.
ftsavek -- Save a set of previously-allocated tables to a file.
ftsr -- Returns the sampling-rate of a stored function table.
gain -- Adjusts the amplitude audio signal according to a root-mean-square value.
gauss -- Gaussian distribution random number generator.
gbuzz -- Output is a set of harmonically related cosine partials.
gogobel -- Audio output is a tone related to the striking of a cow bell or similar.
goto -- Transfer control on every pass.
grain -- Generates granular synthesis textures.
grain2 -- Easy-to-use granular synthesis texture generator.
grain3 -- Generate granular synthesis textures with more user control.
granule -- A more complex granular synthesis texture generator.
guiro -- Semi-physical model of a guiro sound.
harmon -- Analyze an audio input and generate harmonizing voices in synchrony.
hilbert -- A Hilbert transformer.
hrtfer -- Creates 3D audio for two speakers.
hsboscil -- An oscillator which takes tonality and brightness as arguments.
i -- Returns an init-type equivalent of a k-rate argument.
ibetarand -- Deprecated.
ibexprnd -- Deprecated.
icauchy -- Deprecated.
ictrl14 -- Deprecated.
ictrl21 -- Deprecated.
ictrl7 -- Deprecated.
iexprand -- Deprecated.
if -- Branches conditionally at initialization or during performance time.
igauss -- Deprecated.
igoto -- Transfer control during the i-time pass.
ihold -- Creates a held note.
ilinrand -- Deprecated.
imidic14 -- Deprecated.
imidic21 -- Deprecated.
imidic7 -- Deprecated.
in -- Reads mono audio data from an external device or stream.
in32 -- Reads a 32-channel audio signal from an external device or stream.
inch -- Reads from a numbered channel in an external audio signal or stream.
inh -- Reads six-channel audio data from an external device or stream.
init -- Puts the value of the i-time expression into a k- or a-rate variable.
initc14 -- Initializes the controllers used to create a 14-bit MIDI value.
initc21 -- Initializes the controllers used to create a 21-bit MIDI value.
initc7 -- Initializes the controller used to create a 7-bit MIDI value.
ink -- Deprecated.
ino -- Reads eight-channel audio data from an external device or stream.
inq -- Reads quad audio data from an external device or stream.
ins -- Reads stereo audio data from an external device or stream.
instimek -- Deprecated.
instimes -- Deprecated.
instr -- Starts an instrument block.
int -- Extracts an integer from a decimal number.
integ -- Modify a signal by integration.
interp -- Converts a control signal to an audio signal using linear interpolation.
invalue -- Reads a k-rate signal from a user-defined channel.
inx -- Reads a 16-channel audio signal from an external device or stream.
inz -- Reads multi-channel audio samples into a ZAK array from an external device or stream.
ioff -- Deprecated.
ion -- Deprecated.
iondur -- Deprecated.
iondur2 -- Deprecated.
ioutat -- Deprecated.
ioutc -- Deprecated.
ioutc14 -- Deprecated.
ioutpat -- Deprecated.
ioutpb -- Deprecated.
ioutpc -- Deprecated.
ipcauchy -- Deprecated.
ipoisson -- Deprecated.
ipow -- Deprecated.
is16b14 -- Deprecated.
is32b14 -- Deprecated.
islider16 -- Deprecated.
islider32 -- Deprecated.
islider64 -- Deprecated.
islider8 -- Deprecated.
itablecopy -- Deprecated.
itablegpw -- Deprecated.
itablemix -- Deprecated.
itablew -- Deprecated.
itrirand -- Deprecated.
iunirand -- Deprecated.
iweibull -- Deprecated.
jitter -- Generates a segmented line whose segments are randomly generated.
jitter2 -- Generates a segmented line with user-controllable random segments.
jspline -- A jitter-spline generator.
kbetarand -- Deprecated.
kbexprnd -- Deprecated.
kcauchy -- Deprecated.
kdump -- Deprecated.
kdump2 -- Deprecated.
kdump3 -- Deprecated.
kdump4 -- Deprecated.
kexprand -- Deprecated.
kfilter2 -- Deprecated.
kgauss -- Deprecated.
kgoto -- Transfer control during the p-time passes.
klinrand -- Deprecated.
kon -- Deprecated.
koutat -- Deprecated.
koutc -- Deprecated.
koutc14 -- Deprecated.
koutpat -- Deprecated.
koutpb -- Deprecated.
koutpc -- Deprecated.
kpcauchy -- Deprecated.
kpoisson -- Deprecated.
kpow -- Deprecated.
kr -- Sets the control rate.
kread -- Deprecated.
kread2 -- Deprecated.
kread3 -- Deprecated.
kread4 -- Deprecated.
ksmps -- Sets the number of samples in a control period.
ktableseg -- Same as the tableseg opcode.
ktrirand -- Deprecated.
kunirand -- Deprecated.
kweibull -- Deprecated.
lfo -- A low frequency oscillator of various shapes.
limit -- Sets the lower and upper limits of the value it processes.
line -- Trace a straight line between specified points.
linen -- Applies a straight line rise and decay pattern to an input amp signal.
linenr -- The linen opcode extended with a final release segment.
lineto -- Generate glissandos starting from a control signal.
linrand -- Linear distribution random number generator (positive values only).
linseg -- Trace a series of line segments between specified points.
linsegr -- Trace a series of line segments between specified points including a release segment.
locsend -- Distributes the audio signals of a previous locsig opcode.
locsig -- Takes and input signal and distributes between 2 or 4 channels.
log -- Returns a natural log.
log10 -- Returns a base 10 log.
logbtwo -- Performs a logarithmic base two calculation.
loopseg -- Generate control signal consisting of linear segments delimited by two or more specified points.
lorenz -- Implements the Lorenz system of equations.
loscil -- Read sampled sound from a table.
loscil3 -- Read sampled sound from a table using cubic interpolation.
lowpass2 -- A resonant lowpass filter.
lowres -- Another resonant lowpass filter.
lowresx -- Simulates layers of serially connected resonant lowpass filters.
lpf18 -- A 3-pole sweepable resonant lowpass filter.
lpfreson -- Modifies the spectrum of an audio signal with time-varying filter coefficients from a control file and frequncy ratio.
lphasor -- Generates a table index for sample playback
lpinterp -- Computes a new set of poles from the interpolation between two analysis.
lposcil -- Read sampled sound from a table with optional looping and high precision.
lposcil3 -- Read sampled sound from a table with high precision and cubic interpolation.
lpread -- Reads a control file of time-ordered information frames.
lpreson -- Modifies the spectrum of an audio signal with time-varying filter coefficients from a control file.
lpshold -- Generate control signal consisting of held segments.
lpslot -- Selects the slot to be use by further lp opcodes.
mac -- Multiplies and accumulates a- and k-rate signals.
maca -- Multiply and accumulate a-rate signals only.
madsr -- Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using the linsegr mechanism.
mandol -- An emulation of a mandolin.
marimba -- Physical model related to the striking of a wooden block.
massign -- Assigns a MIDI channel number to a Csound instrument.
maxalloc -- Limits the number of allocations of an instrument.
mclock -- Sends a MIDI CLOCK message.
mdelay -- A MIDI delay opcode.
midic14 -- Allows a floating-point 14-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
midic21 -- Allows a floating-point 21-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
midic7 -- Allows a floating-point 7-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
midichannelaftertouch -- Gets a MIDI channel's aftertouch value.
midichn -- Returns the MIDI channel number from which the note was activated.
midicontrolchange -- Gets a MIDI control change value.
midictrl -- Get the current value (0-127) of a specified MIDI controller.
mididefault -- Changes values, depending on MIDI activation.
midiin -- Returns a generic MIDI message received by the MIDI IN port.
midinoteoff -- Gets a MIDI noteoff value.
midinoteoncps -- Gets a MIDI note number as a cycles-per-second frequency.
midinoteonkey -- Gets a MIDI note number value.
midinoteonoct -- Gets a MIDI note number value as octave-point-decimal value.
midinoteonpch -- Gets a MIDI note number as a pitch-class value.
midion -- Plays MIDI notes.
midion2 -- Sends noteon and noteoff messages to the MIDI OUT port.
midiout -- Sends a generic MIDI message to the MIDI OUT port.
midipitchbend -- Gets a MIDI pitchbend value.
midipolyaftertouch -- Gets a MIDI polyphonic aftertouch value.
midiprogramchange -- Gets a MIDI program change value.
mirror -- Reflects the signal that exceeds the low and high thresholds.
moog -- An emulation of a mini-Moog synthesizer.
moogvcf -- A digital emulation of the Moog diode ladder filter configuration.
moscil -- Sends a stream of the MIDI notes.
mpulse -- Generates a set of impulses.
mrtmsg -- Send system real-time messages to the MIDI OUT port.
multitap -- Multitap delay line implementation.
mute -- Mutes/unmutes new instances of a given instrument.
mxadsr -- Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using the expsegr mechanism.
nchnls -- Sets the number of channels of audio output.
nestedap -- Three different nested all-pass filters.
nlfilt -- A filter with a non-linear effect.
noise -- A white noise generator with an IIR lowpass filter.
noteoff -- Send a noteoff message to the MIDI OUT port.
noteon -- Send a noteon message to the MIDI OUT port.
noteondur -- Sends a noteon and a noteoff MIDI message both with the same channel, number and velocity.
noteondur2 -- Sends a noteon and a noteoff MIDI message both with the same channel, number and velocity.
notnum -- Get a note number from a MIDI event.
nreverb -- A reverberator consisting of 6 parallel comb-lowpass filters.
nrpn -- Sends a Non-Registered Parameter Number to the MIDI OUT port.
nsamp -- Returns the number of samples loaded into a stored function table number.
nstrnum -- Returns the number of a named instrument.
ntrpol -- Calculates the weighted mean value of two input signals.
octave -- Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of octaves.
octcps -- Converts a cycles-per-second value to octave-point-decimal.
octmidi -- Get the note number, in octave-point-decimal units, of the current MIDI event.
octmidib -- Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in octave-point-decimal.
octpch -- Converts a pitch-class value to octave-point-decimal.
opcode -- Defines the start of user-defined opcode block.
oscbnk -- Mixes the output of any number of oscillators.
oscil -- A simple oscillator.
oscil1 -- Accesses table values by incremental sampling.
oscil1i -- Accesses table values by incremental sampling with linear interpolation.
oscil3 -- A simple oscillator with cubic interpolation.
oscili -- A simple oscillator with linear interpolation.
oscilikt -- A linearly interpolated oscillator that allows changing the table number at k-rate.
osciliktp -- A linearly interpolated oscillator that allows allows phase modulation.
oscilikts -- A linearly interpolated oscillator with sync status that allows changing the table number at k-rate.
osciln -- Accesses table values at a user-defined frequency.
oscils -- A simple, fast sine oscillator
oscilx -- Same as the osciln opcode.
out -- Writes mono audio data to an external device or stream.
out32 -- Writes 32-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
outc -- Writes audio data with an arbitrary number of channels to an external device or stream.
outch -- Writes multi-channel audio data, with user-controllable channels, to an external device or stream.
outh -- Writes 6-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
outiat -- Sends MIDI aftertouch messages at i-rate.
outic -- Sends MIDI controller output at i-rate.
outic14 -- Sends 14-bit MIDI controller output at i-rate.
outipat -- Sends polyphonic MIDI aftertouch messages at i-rate.
outipb -- Sends MIDI pitch-bend messages at i-rate.
outipc -- Sends MIDI program change messages at i-rate
outk -- Deprecated.
outkat -- Sends MIDI aftertouch messages at k-rate.
outkc -- Sends MIDI controller messages at k-rate.
outkc14 -- Sends 14-bit MIDI controller output at k-rate.
outkpat -- Sends polyphonic MIDI aftertouch messages at k-rate.
outkpb -- Sends MIDI pitch-bend messages at k-rate.
outkpc -- Sends MIDI program change messages at k-rate.
outo -- Writes 8-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
outq -- Writes 4-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
outq1 -- Writes samples to quad channel 1 of an external device or stream.
outq2 -- Writes samples to quad channel 2 of an external device or stream.
outq3 -- Writes samples to quad channel 3 of an external device or stream.
outq4 -- Writes samples to quad channel 4 of an external device or stream.
outs -- Writes stereo audio data to an external device or stream.
outs1 -- Writes samples to stereo channel 1 of an external device or stream.
outs2 -- Writes samples to stereo channel 2 of an external device or stream.
outvalue -- Sends a k-rate signal to a user-defined channel.
outx -- Writes 16-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
outz -- Writes multi-channel audio data from a ZAK array to an external device or stream.
p -- Show the value in a given p-field.
pan -- Distribute an audio signal amongst four channels.
pareq -- Implementation of Zoelzer's parametric equalizer filters.
pcauchy -- Cauchy distribution random number generator (positive values only).
pchbend -- Get the current pitch-bend value for this channel.
pchmidi -- Get the note number of the current MIDI event, expressed in pitch-class units.
pchmidib -- Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in pitch-class units.
pchoct -- Converts an octave-point-decimal value to pitch-class.
peak -- Maintains the output equal to the highest absolute value received.
peakk -- Deprecated.
pgmassign -- Assigns an instrument number to a specified MIDI program.
phaser1 -- First-order allpass filters arranged in a series.
phaser2 -- Second-order allpass filters arranged in a series.
phasor -- Produce a normalized moving phase value.
phasorbnk -- Produce an arbitrary number of normalized moving phase values.
pinkish -- Generates approximate pink noise.
pitch -- Tracks the pitch of a signal.
pitchamdf -- Follows the pitch of a signal based on the AMDF method.
planet -- Simulates a planet orbiting in a binary star system.
pluck -- Produces a naturally decaying plucked string or drum sound.
poisson -- Poisson distribution random number generator (positive values only).
polyaft -- Returns the polyphonic after-touch pressure of the selected note number.
port -- Applies portamento to a step-valued control signal.
portk -- Applies portamento to a step-valued control signal.
poscil -- High precision oscillator.
poscil3 -- High precision oscillator with cubic interpolation.
pow -- Computes one argument to the power of another argument.
powoftwo -- Performs a power-of-two calculation.
prealloc -- Creates space for instruments but does not run them.
print -- Displays the values init, control, or audio signals.
printk -- Prints one k-rate value at specified intervals.
printk2 -- Prints a new value every time a control variable changes.
printks -- Prints at k-rate using a printf() style syntax.
prints -- Prints at init-time using a printf() style syntax.
product -- Multiplies any number of a-rate signals.
pset -- Defines and initializes numeric arrays at orchestra load time.
pvadd -- Reads from a pvoc file and uses the data to perform additive synthesis.
pvbufread -- Reads from a phase vocoder analysis file and makes the retrieved data available.
pvcross -- Applies the amplitudes from one phase vocoder analysis file to the data from a second file.
pvinterp -- Interpolates between the amplitudes and frequencies of two phase vocoder analysis files.
pvoc -- Implements signal reconstruction using an fft-based phase vocoder.
pvread -- Reads from a phase vocoder analysis file and returns the frequency and amplitude from a single analysis channel or bin.
pvsadsyn -- Resynthesize using a fast oscillator-bank.
pvsanal -- Generate an fsig from a mono audio source ain, using phase vocoder overlap-add analysis.
pvscross -- Performs cross-synthesis between two source fsigs.
pvsfread -- Read a selected channel from a PVOC-EX analysis file.
pvsftr -- Reads amplitude and/or frequency data from function tables.
pvsftw -- Writes amplitude and/or frequency data to function tables.
pvsinfo -- Get information from a PVOC-EX formatted source.
pvsmaska -- Modify amplitudes using a function table, with dynamic scaling.
pvsynth -- Resynthesise using a FFT overlap-add.
rand -- Generates a controlled random number series.
randh -- Generates random numbers and holds them for a period of time.
randi -- Generates a controlled random number series with interpolation between each new number.
random -- Generates is a controlled pseudo-random number series between min and max values.
randomh -- Generates random numbers with a user-defined limit and holds them for a period of time.
randomi -- Generates a user-controlled random number series with interpolation between each new number.
readclock -- Reads the value of an internal clock.
readk -- Periodically reads an orchestra control-signal value from an external file.
readk2 -- Periodically reads two orchestra control-signal values from an external file.
readk3 -- Periodically reads three orchestra control-signal values from an external file.
readk4 -- Periodically reads four orchestra control-signal values from an external file.
reinit -- Suspends a performance while a special initialization pass is executed.
release -- Indicates whether a note is in its "release" stage.
repluck -- Physical model of the plucked string.
reson -- A second-order resonant filter.
resonk -- A second-order resonant filter.
resonr -- A bandpass filter with variable frequency response.
resonx -- Emulates a stack of filters using the reson opcode.
resony -- A bank of second-order bandpass filters, connected in parallel.
resonz -- A bandpass filter with variable frequency response.
reverb -- Reverberates an input signal with a "natural room" frequency response.
reverb2 -- Same as the nreverb opcode.
rezzy -- A resonant low-pass filter.
rigoto -- Transfers control during a reinit pass.
rireturn -- Terminates a reinit pass.
rms -- Determines the root-mean-square amplitude of an audio signal.
rnd -- Returns a random number in a unipolar range.
rnd31 -- 31-bit bipolar random opcodes with controllable distribution.
rspline -- Generate random spline curves.
rtclock -- Read the real time clock from the operating system.
s16b14 -- Creates a bank of 16 different 14-bit MIDI control message numbers.
s32b14 -- Creates a bank of 32 different 14-bit MIDI control message numbers.
samphold -- Performs a sample-and-hold operation on its input.
sandpaper -- Semi-physical model of a sandpaper sound.
scanhammer -- Copies from one table to another with a gain control.
scans -- Generate audio output using scanned synthesis.
scantable -- A simpler scanned synthesis implementation.
scanu -- Compute the waveform and the wavetable for use in scanned synthesis.
schedkwhen -- Adds a new score event generated by a k-rate trigger.
schedkwhennamed -- Similar to schedkwhen but uses a named instrument at init-time.
schedule -- Adds a new score event.
schedwhen -- Adds a new score event.
seed -- Sets the global seed value.
sekere -- Semi-physical model of a sekere sound.
semitone -- Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of semitones.
sense -- Same as the sensekey opcode.
sensekey -- Returns the ASCII code of a key that has been pressed.
seqtime -- Generates a trigger signal according to the values stored in a table.
setctrl -- Configurable slider controls for realtime user input.
setksmps -- Sets the local ksmps value in a user-defined opcode block.
sfilist -- Prints a list of all instruments of a previously loaded SoundFont2 (SF2) file.
sfinstr -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a stereo sound.
sfinstr3 -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a stereo sound with cubic interpolation.
sfinstr3m -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a mono sound with cubic interpolation.
sfinstrm -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a mono sound.
sfload -- Loads an entire SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file into memory.
sfpassign -- Assigns all presets of a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file to a sequence of progressive index numbers.
sfplay -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a stereo sound.
sfplay3 -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a stereo sound with cubic interpolation.
sfplay3m -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a mono sound with cubic interpolation.
sfplaym -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a mono sound.
sfplist -- Prints a list of all presets of a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file.
sfpreset -- Assigns an existing preset of a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file to an index number.
shaker -- Sounds like the shaking of a maraca or similar gourd instrument.
sin -- Performs a sine function.
sinh -- Performs a hyperbolic sine function.
sininv -- Performs an arcsine function.
sleighbells -- Semi-physical model of a sleighbell sound.
slider16 -- Creates a bank of 16 different MIDI control message numbers.
slider16f -- Creates a bank of 16 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
slider32 -- Creates a bank of 32 different MIDI control message numbers.
slider32f -- Creates a bank of 32 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
slider64 -- Creates a bank of 64 different MIDI control message numbers.
slider64f -- Creates a bank of 64 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
slider8 -- Creates a bank of 8 different MIDI control message numbers.
slider8f -- Creates a bank of 8 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
sndwarp -- Reads a mono sound sample from a table and applies time-stretching and/or pitch modification.
sndwarpst -- Reads a stereo sound sample from a table and applies time-stretching and/or pitch modification.
soundin -- Reads audio data from an external device or stream.
soundout -- Writes audio output to a disk file.
space -- Distributes an input signal among 4 channels using cartesian coordinates.
spat3d -- Positions the input sound in a 3D space and allows moving the sound at k-rate.
spat3di -- Positions the input sound in a 3D space with the sound source position set at i-time.
spat3dt -- Can be used to render an impulse response for a 3D space at i-time.
spdist -- Calculates distance values from xy coordinates.
specaddm -- Perform a weighted add of two input spectra.
specdiff -- Finds the positive difference values between consecutive spectral frames.
specdisp -- Displays the magnitude values of the spectrum.
specfilt -- Filters each channel of an input spectrum.
spechist -- Accumulates the values of successive spectral frames.
specptrk -- Estimates the pitch of the most prominent complex tone in the spectrum.
specscal -- Scales an input spectral datablock with spectral envelopes.
specsum -- Sums the magnitudes across all channels of the spectrum.
spectrum -- Generate a constant-Q, exponentially-spaced DFT.
spsend -- Generates output signals based on a previously defined space opcode.
sqrt -- Returns a square root value.
sr -- Sets the audio sampling rate.
stix -- Semi-physical model of a stick sound.
streson -- A string resonator with variable fundamental frequency.
strset -- Allows a string to be linked with a numeric value.
subinstr -- Creates and runs a numbered instrument instance.
subinstrinit -- Creates and runs a numbered instrument instance at init-time.
sum -- Sums any number of a-rate signals.
svfilter -- A resonant second order filter, with simultaneous lowpass, highpass and bandpass outputs.
table -- Accesses table values by direct indexing.
table3 -- Accesses table values by direct indexing with cubic interpolation.
tablecopy -- Simple, fast table copy opcode.
tablegpw -- Writes a table's guard point.
tablei -- Accesses table values by direct indexing with linear interpolation.
tableicopy -- Simple, fast table copy opcode.
tableigpw -- Writes a table's guard point.
tableikt -- Provides k-rate control over table numbers.
tableimix -- Mixes two tables.
tableiw -- Change the contents of existing function tables.
tablekt -- Provides k-rate control over table numbers.
tablemix -- Mixes two tables.
tableng -- Interrogates a function table for length.
tablera -- Reads tables in sequential locations.
tableseg -- Creates a new function table by making linear segments between values in stored function tables.
tablew -- Change the contents of existing function tables.
tablewa -- Writes tables in sequential locations.
tablewkt -- Change the contents of existing function tables.
tablexkt -- Reads function tables with linear, cubic, or sinc interpolation.
tablexseg -- Creates a new function table by making exponential segments between values in stored function tables.
tambourine -- Semi-physical model of a tambourine sound.
tan -- Performs a tangent function.
tanh -- Performs a hyperbolic tangent function.
taninv -- Performs an arctangent function.
taninv2 -- Returns an arctangent.
tbvcf -- Models some of the filter characteristics of a Roland TB303 voltage-controlled filter.
tempest -- Estimate the tempo of beat patterns in a control signal.
tempo -- Apply tempo control to an uninterpreted score.
tempoval -- Reads the current value of the tempo.
tigoto -- Transfer control at i-time when a new note is being tied onto a previously held note
timeinstk -- Read absolute time in k-rate cycles.
timeinsts -- Read absolute time in seconds.
timek -- Read absolute time in k-rate cycles.
times -- Read absolute time in seconds.
timout -- Conditional branch during p-time depending on elapsed note time.
tival -- Puts the value of the instrument's internal "tie-in" flag into the named i-rate variable.
tlineto -- Generate glissandos starting from a control signal.
tone -- A first-order recursive low-pass with variable frequency response.
tonek -- A first-order recursive low-pass filter with variable frequency response.
tonex -- Emulates a stack of filters using the tone opcode.
transeg -- Constructs a user-definable envelope.
trigger -- Informs when a krate signal crosses a threshold.
trigseq -- Accepts a trigger signal as input and outputs a group of values.
trirand -- Linear distribution random number generator.
turnoff -- Enables an instrument to turn itself off.
turnon -- Activate an instrument for an indefinite time.
unirand -- Uniform distribution random number generator (positive values only).
upsamp -- Modify a signal by up-sampling.
urd -- A discrete user-defined-distribution random generator that can be used as a function.
valpass -- Variably reverberates an input signal with a flat frequency response.
vbap16 -- Distributes an audio signal among 16 channels.
vbap16move -- Distribute an audio signal among 16 channels with moving virtual sources.
vbap4 -- Distributes an audio signal among 4 channels.
vbap4move -- Distributes an audio signal among 4 channels with moving virtual sources.
vbap8 -- Distributes an audio signal among 8 channels.
vbap8move -- Distributes an audio signal among 8 channels with moving virtual sources.
vbaplsinit -- Configures VBAP output according to loudspeaker parameters.
vbapz -- Writes a multi-channel audio signal to a ZAK array.
vbapzmove -- Writes a multi-channel audio signal to a ZAK array with moving virtual sources.
vco -- Implementation of a band limited, analog modeled oscillator.
vco2 -- Implementation of a band-limited oscillator using pre-calculated tables.
vco2ft -- Returns a table number at k-time for a given oscillator frequency and wavform.
vco2ift -- Returns a table number at i-time for a given oscillator frequency and wavform.
vco2init -- Calculates tables for use by vco2 opcode.
vcomb -- Variably reverberates an input signal with a "colored" frequency response.
vdelay -- An interpolating variable time delay.
vdelay3 -- An variable time delay with cubic interpolation.
vdelayx -- A variable delay opcode with high quality interpolation.
vdelayxq -- A 4-channel variable delay opcode with high quality interpolation.
vdelayxs -- A stereo variable delay opcode with high quality interpolation.
vdelayxw -- Variable delay opcodes with high quality interpolation.
vdelayxwq -- Variable delay opcodes with high quality interpolation.
vdelayxws -- Variable delay opcodes with high quality interpolation.
veloc -- Get the velocity from a MIDI event.
vibes -- Physical model related to the striking of a metal block.
vibr -- Easier-to-use user-controllable vibrato.
vibrato -- Generates a natural-sounding user-controllable vibrato.
vincr -- Accumulates audio signals.
vlowres -- A bank of filters in which the cutoff frequency can be separated under user control.
voice -- An emulation of a human voice.
vpvoc -- Implements signal reconstruction using an fft-based phase vocoder and an extra envelope.
waveset -- A simple time stretch by repeating cycles.
weibull -- Weibull distribution random number generator (positive values only).
wgbow -- Creates a tone similar to a bowed string.
wgbowedbar -- A physical model of a bowed bar.
wgbrass -- Creates a tone related to a brass instrument.
wgclar -- Creates a tone similar to a clarinet.
wgflute -- Creates a tone similar to a flute.
wgpluck -- A high fidelity simulation of a plucked string.
wgpluck2 -- Physical model of the plucked string.
wguide1 -- A simple waveguide model consisting of one delay-line and one first-order lowpass filter.
wguide2 -- A model of beaten plate consisting of two parallel delay-lines and two first-order lowpass filters.
wrap -- Wraps-around the signal that exceeds the low and high thresholds.
wterrain -- A simple wave-terrain synthesis opcode.
xadsr -- Calculates the classical ADSR envelope.
xin -- Passes variables from a user-defined opcode block,
xout -- Retrieves variables from a user-defined opcode block,
xscanmap -- Allows the position and velocity of a node in a scanned process to be read.
xscansmap -- Allows the position and velocity of a node in a scanned process to be read.
xscans -- Fast scanned synthesis waveform and the wavetable generator.
xscanu -- Compute the waveform and the wavetable for use in scanned synthesis.
xtratim -- Extend the duration of real-time generated events.
xyin -- Sense the cursor position in an output window
zacl -- Clears one or more variables in the za space.
zakinit -- Establishes zak space.
zamod -- Modulates one a-rate signal by a second one.
zar -- Reads from a location in za space at a-rate.
zarg -- Reads from a location in za space at a-rate, adds some gain.
zaw -- Writes to a za variable at a-rate without mixing.
zawm -- Writes to a za variable at a-rate with mixing.
zfilter2 -- Performs filtering using a transposed form-II digital filter lattice with radial pole-shearing and angular pole-warping.
zir -- Reads from a location in zk space at i-rate.
ziw -- Writes to a zk variable at i-rate without mixing.
ziwm -- Writes to a zk variable to an i-rate variable with mixing.
zkcl -- Clears one or more variables in the zk space.
zkmod -- Facilitates the modulation of one signal by another.
zkr -- Reads from a location in zk space at k-rate.
zkw -- Writes to a zk variable at k-rate without mixing.
zkwm -- Writes to a zk variable at k-rate with mixing.

16. Score Statements and GEN Routines